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Moran's I

Moran's I is a statistical measure that incorporates the element of spatial location. Given a set of features with known locations for a study area, Global Moran's I evaluates whether the overall pattern of attribute values attached to those locations is clustered, dispersed, or random. The local Moran's I is used as an indicator of local spatial association. (ESRI [ArcGIS documentation] and Uthman 2009)